{"id":18133,"date":"2018-10-22T10:21:09","date_gmt":"2018-10-22T02:21:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/duchenne-muscular-dystrophy\/"},"modified":"2023-03-27T14:25:34","modified_gmt":"2023-03-27T06:25:34","slug":"duchenne-muscular-dystrophy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/duchenne-muscular-dystrophy\/","title":{"rendered":"Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy, also known as \u201cDMD\u201d, is a genetic disorder characterized by rapid progressive muscle degeneration and wasting in children, which begins by affecting a particular group of muscles, before spreading out throughout the body. It is the most common childhood form yet a very severe type of muscular dystrophy. The disease occurs primarily in males (1 in 3500 to 5000 newborn males), and it is very rare for girls to develop it.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Symptoms of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Initial mild symptoms are often noticed in boys from 1-6 years of age. There might be occasional signs of clumsiness, which include trouble walking, difficulty in raising the
\nfront of the foot and frequent falls.<\/p>\n

More obvious signs include delayed motor development, where children with DMD normally are slower to sit, stand or walk independently. The average age of walking for DMD boys is about 18 months. Muscle enlargement is common, particularly in the calves, since the muscle cells are replaced by fat and connective tissue. As well as that, children with DMD frequently walk on their toes to keep their balance. The Gower maneuver is another common symptom, when children with neuromuscular disorder often use their hands when attempting to get up from the floor, and will move their hands up their tights in order to stand up fully.<\/p>\n

From the ages between 6-10 there is a rapid decline in muscle strength (Refer to Note 1 below). By 10 years old, braces might be required for walking. By age 12 most boys will require a wheelchair full-time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(Note 1) : DMD <\/strong>\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u808c\u8089<\/strong>\u840e\u7e2e\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4f75\u767c\u75c7<\/strong><\/p>\n

Progressive muscle weakness and wasting (atrophy) first begins in the muscles of the hips, pelvic areas and thighs, leading to difficulty standing, ascending stairs, and maintaining balance. As the diseases progresses, it affects muscles in the shoulders and arms, leading to functional difficulties, such as raising the arms. Eventually, DMD affects all the muscles in the body, including the heart and breathing muscles. During muscle degeneration joints may become more tight and rigid (contractures), affecting the knee, hip, elbow, wrist and finger. Over time, scoliosis, the curvature of the spine may develop as muscles are unable to hold the spine. There will be more walking and movement restrictions and once wheelchair dependent, risk of respiratory and cardiac complications increases. Cardiac problem involves the gradual enlargement of the heart (cardiomyopathy), which weakens the cardiac muscle and prevents it from pumping blood efficiently. In severe cases, abnormal heart rhythm and heart failures may result. Breathing problems includes respiratory failure, as muscles surrounding the lungs such as the diaphragm weaken. Cardiac and\/or respiratory failure are still the main causes of death in DMD.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Other Symptoms:<\/em><\/p>\n