{"id":15273,"date":"2018-09-26T21:27:07","date_gmt":"2018-09-26T13:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/%e5%85%88%e5%a4%a9%e6%80%a7%e9%80%b2%e8%a1%8c%e6%80%a7%e8%82%8c%e8%82%89%e8%90%8e%e7%b8%ae%e7%97%87\/"},"modified":"2023-03-24T16:26:03","modified_gmt":"2023-03-24T08:26:03","slug":"congenital-muscular-dystrophy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/","title":{"rendered":"Congenital Muscular Dystrophy"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"15273\" class=\"elementor elementor-15273 elementor-17\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-20fac4bf elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"20fac4bf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-extended\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-72193404\" data-id=\"72193404\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2bf38aa7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"2bf38aa7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"faq1\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-590d34df elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"590d34df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-777b6bbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"777b6bbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Congenital Muscular Dystrophy? <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26f4b575 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26f4b575\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) is a group of rare hereditary muscle diseases caused by underlying genetic mutations resulting in muscle weakness with progressive deterioration. The initial symptoms usually occur within the first few months of life or early childhood. The common presenting symptoms include hypotonia, muscle weakness and joint contractures. Some affected children also have breathing difficulty and feeding and swallowing problems due to weakness of the breathing muscles and swallowing muscles.<\/p>\n<p>More than 30 different types of CMD have been reported and the presenting symptoms, disease severity, and rate of disease progression have a wide spectrum. All the affected individuals will have progressive muscle weakness and some of them also have learning difficulties, epilepsy and cardiac problems.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a11932d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"a11932d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"faq2\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3343b826 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3343b826\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-605acf54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"605acf54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to diagnose CMD? <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e0a8099 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e0a8099\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Your doctor will take a detailed history asking you about the onset of your child\u2019s symptoms and how the disease has progressed over time to affect daily performance. If your child is suspected to have CMD, the following investigations will be helpful to provide some important information to confirm the diagnosis. Muscle enzyme levels (Creatine Kinase) will be checked and electromyography study will be arranged. Muscle biopsy will provide helpful clues on the possible subtype of CMD to guide the genetic diagnosis.<\/p>\n<p>Based on the muscle biopsy and the genetic study findings, the CMD can be classified into different subtypes. The more common subtypes are as followed:<\/p>\n<p><b>(1)\u00a0 1) Alpha-dystroglycanopathy or muscular dystrophy with abnormal glycosylation of the alpha-dystroglycans<br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A. Congenital muscular dystrophy\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: upper-roman;\">\n<li>Fukayama congenital muscular dystrophy<\/li>\n<li>Muscle Eye Brain Disease<\/li>\n<li>Walker-Warburg Syndrome<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>B. Limb girdle muscular dystrophy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Abnormal glycosylation of the alpha-dystroglycan can cause muscular dystrophies of variable onset and severity. This congenital muscular dystrophy subtype is usually more severe, with abnormalities not only limited to the muscles, but also involving the brain and eyes, causing neurological and visual problems. Some of the most severely affected babies may die within the first year of life. Those who present as limb girdle muscular dystrophy are at the mild end of the spectrum and usually will not have intellectual or eye problems. Currently, more than 10 genes have been identified causing the alpha-dystroglycanopathy.<br \/>\n<b>(2)\u00a0 Merosin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Affected children usually present as floppy infants with hypotonia, skeletal muscle weakness affecting the limbs and body movement, joint contractures, facial weakness and weak breathing effort. However, the eye muscles are not affected. Despite the MRI brain images often show grossly abnormal signal changes, their intelligence is always normal. This condition is caused by LMNA gene mutation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>(3)\u00a0 Collagen VI-related dystrophy <\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bethlem myopathy\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: upper-roman;\">\n<li>Affected individuals will usually have symptoms onset during late childhood and only have limb girdle muscle weakness, proximal and distal joint contractures, joint hyperlaxity and skin rash. They remain ambulatory in adulthood.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Intermediate phenotype<\/li>\n<li>Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: upper-roman;\">\n<li>Affected children often present as a floppy infant with significant hypotonia, muscle weakness, gross motor delay, early onset of proximal joints and finger contractures, and distal hyperlaxity. The muscle weakness progresses as the child grows and some of them are never able to walk, while other will lose their ambulation at a young age. Scoliosis and early respiratory failure are commonly seen, and scoliosis surgery and early introduction of ventilation support is often needed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Collagen VI-related myopathy is caused by the deficiency of collagen VI in the myomatrix of the muscles. The mild end of the disease spectrum is Bethlam myopathy, while the severe end is Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy. All the children have normal intelligence and their creatine kinase levels are usually normal. This condition is caused by the underlying mutations of three major collagen VI genes including COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3.<\/p>\n<p><b>(4)\u00a0 Rigid spine syndrome<br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The major initial symptoms are hypotonia, muscle weakness mainly affecting the neck and breathing muscles. The child presents with early respiratory involvement and early need of nocturnal ventilation support. The skeletal muscle weakness of the 4 limbs remains mild. The paraspinal muscles are weak, causing scoliosis and rigid spine presentation. There are also variable degrees of distal limb joint contractures. So far, cardiac involvement has not been reported to be related to this condition,and affected children\u2019s intelligence is often normal. Creatine kinase levels are usually normal. This condition is caused by mutations occur in the SEPN1 gene.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3307963e elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"3307963e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"faq3\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76e5fa0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"76e5fa0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-233cb77a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"233cb77a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is the prognosis for Congenital Muscular Dystrophies?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ac2752e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ac2752e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Affected individuals often present initially as motor delay. For example, they will roll over, sit up and walk at a much later age than their peers. Some of the more severely affected children may not be able to achieve some of the motor milestones mentioned above. As the child grows, their muscle weakness and joint contractures will increase, causing more motor difficulties or even loss of ambulation, as well as secondary complications like scoliosis or respiratory insufficiency.<\/p>\n<p>Those with milder presentation and later onset of symptoms will have a better prognosis and their lifespan are not affected and is similar to the average person. More severe congenital muscular dystrophy with early severe presentation and other systems, such as brain and heart involvement will have a higher morbidity and mortality due to the severe disease presentation and progression.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c27db38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"7c27db38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"faq4\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ec9eb87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7ec9eb87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-187c895f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"187c895f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Is there any treatment?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b0d3199 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b0d3199\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Currently, there is no curative treatment for congenital muscular dystrophy. However, there is a standard of care and treatment that includes a multi-disciplinary team to follow-up the affected children and to provide the therapy and intervention needed to improve their general health, performance and participation.<\/p>\n<p>The children should have regular follow-up by a multidisciplinary team. Upon each follow-up, the vital signs, growth and nutritional status will be monitored. Other important regular evaluations include sleep study, lung function test, muscle strength test and motor function assessment. The affected individual will be referred to an occupational therapist, physiotherapist, dietitian, and clinical psychologist for further recommendation of rehabilitation recommendation and follow-up.<\/p>\n<p>Under more urgent situations, where the affected individuals report respiratory difficulty, poor general states and appetite, unsatisfactory weight gain or even weight loss, or develop seizures, family members or the affected individuals should seek early consultation. If the condition is critical, one should immediately go to the Accident and Emergency Department for treatment.<\/p>\n<p><b>Musculoskeletal Care:<\/b>The common muscles and skeletal problems include muscle weakness, joint contractures, joint deformities, joint subluxation or dislocation, and spinal curve (scoliosis). Both the physiotherapist and occupational therapist will provide the information on the regular stretching exercises, the use of splintage to prevent the rapid development of joint contractures, the use of rehabilitation equipment including assistive walking device and standing frame, and special seating arrangements. Sometimes, the children will need orthopaedic surgery to correct the joint dislocation or significant scoliosis.<\/p>\n<p><b>Pulmonary Care:<\/b>Affected individuals with congenital muscular dystrophy will develop early respiratory insufficiency due to significant respiratory muscle weakness. The deterioration of the spinal curve also compresses on the chest wall further and deteriorates respiratory function. The doctor will arrange regular lung function tests to follow-up the breathing effort of the affected children and individuals. If there is evidence that clearance of sputum is becoming more difficult, or ventilation support is required, the therapists will also teach affected individuals and families on the daily chest physiotherapy and use of cough assist device. If the affected individual requires ventilation support, it usually starts with the use of a non-invasive ventilator for initial night time use during sleep. If the respiratory muscle weakness progresses, the time for the non-invasive ventilation support will be increased and occasionally, changing to invasive ventilation support with direct ventilation through tracheostomy may be considered. Individuals with congenital myopathy are more prone to developing respiratory complications during respiratory tract infection. Therefore, they are recommended to complete their immunization schedule and to receive yearly seasonal flu vaccination.<\/p>\n<p><b>Epilepsy Management:<\/b>Epilepsy is not uncommon in individuals with severe congenital muscular dystrophy. The doctor will arrange several testing (for example, electroencephalogram, MRI brain) to evaluate the seizure problem and the possible underlying cause, and to recommend medical treatment to control the seizures.<\/p>\n<p><b>Cardiac Care:<\/b>Certain types of congenital muscular dystrophy can have associated cardiac problems. The common problems include arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy. Affected children or individuals may complain of chest discomfort, easy tiredness, dizziness and even syncope. The doctor will arrange the necessary cardiac evaluation and provide medical treatment to control the heart rate and the heart function. Some of the patients with irregular heart rate problem may even need the implantation of a device.<\/p>\n<p><b>Nutritional Care:<\/b>Because of the weak oral and pharyngeal muscles, children or individuals with the severe congenital muscular dystrophy often have feeding and swallowing problems, therefore increasing the risk of under nutrition and aspiration with aspiration pneumonia. The doctor will arrange assessment by speech therapist and swallowing study to assess the performance of oral feeding. The dietitian will also recommend the necessary dietary modification to improve the nutritional intake. If oral feeding is unsafe, the child can receive the nutrition intake through a nasogastric tube (for short term use) or gastrostomy feeding.<\/p>\n<p><b>Special Education:<\/b>Apart from physical impairment, some children with congenital myopathy also have learning difficulties or related specific learning problems. The doctor will arrange a detailed assessment on their intellectual potential and may refer the child to the Education Bureau for special education support with necessary rehabilitation training support in school.<\/p>\n<p><b>Psychological Care:<\/b>Congenital myopathy is a chronic illness that can have negative psychological impact on the affected individuals. Family members who take care of the affected individual often have chronic stress. The doctor will refer the individual or family member to a clinical psychologist for further psychological support and counseling if there is significant stress on the individual or the family.<\/p>\n<p><b>Palliative Care:<\/b>The purpose of the palliative care is to improve the affected child\u2019s or individual\u2019s quality of life through management approach that can decrease the painful experience of the affected. Pain management and psychological support are both very important to the affected and the family, especially in situations where the medical condition is critical.<\/p>\n<p><b>Others:<\/b>Congenital muscular dystrophy can also lead to other commonly seen problems such as gastroesophageal refluxes, constipation, poor oral hygiene and dental problems. The doctor will provide treatment according to each presenting problem.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fe0b493 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"3fe0b493\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"faq5\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-590dba9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"590dba9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0a26d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c0a26d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Clinical trial\uff1f <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-464c396 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"464c396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Recently, a phase 1 clinical trial on an anti-apoptotic compound omigapil in collagen VI-related dystrophy has been completed and is in the analysis phase.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f24eef3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"f24eef3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"faq6\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a08168a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a08168a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ceeacf0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ceeacf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Can congenital muscular dystrophy be prevented at the parent\u2019s next pregnancy? <\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49e09b23 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49e09b23\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Congenital muscular dystrophy is caused by genetic mutations. The inheritance is usually autosomal recessive, i.e. each parent as an asymptomatic carrier carries one mutated gene, and their children have \u00bc chance to have the congenital muscular dystrophy receiving both mutated genes, one from the father and one from the mother. Sometimes the inheritance can be autosomal dominant. In this situation, the mutation is usually not from the parents but incidentally develop in the child causing the muscular dystrophy presentation. The child, having one mutated gene, can already manifest the disease presentation. If an underlying genetic mutation can be found in the affected child, and the parents have been confirmed as the carrier of the mutated gene, prenatal diagnosis and even pre-implantation genetic diagnosis can be arranged to ensure the next pregnancy is not affected.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fdac22 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1fdac22\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcea9ba elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-28736 elementor-global-28427 elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"dcea9ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/patient-and-family-guidance\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-circle-left\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 504C119 504 8 393 8 256S119 8 256 8s248 111 248 248-111 248-248 248zm28.9-143.6L209.4 288H392c13.3 0 24-10.7 24-24v-16c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24H209.4l75.5-72.4c9.7-9.3 9.9-24.8.4-34.3l-11-10.9c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L107.7 239c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l132.7 132.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l11-10.9c9.5-9.5 9.3-25-.4-34.3z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Back to Index<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-440a1f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"440a1f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1fbf158\" data-id=\"1fbf158\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-156167f elementor-align-left elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"156167f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#faq1\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-info\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M20 424.229h20V279.771H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20V212c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20h112c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20v212.229h20c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20V492c0 11.046-8.954 20-20 20H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20v-47.771c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20zM96 0C56.235 0 24 32.235 24 72s32.235 72 72 72 72-32.235 72-72S135.764 0 96 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">What is Congenital Muscular Dystrophy? <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#faq2\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-info\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M20 424.229h20V279.771H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20V212c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20h112c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20v212.229h20c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20V492c0 11.046-8.954 20-20 20H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20v-47.771c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20zM96 0C56.235 0 24 32.235 24 72s32.235 72 72 72 72-32.235 72-72S135.764 0 96 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">How to diagnose CMD? <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#faq3\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-info\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M20 424.229h20V279.771H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20V212c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20h112c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20v212.229h20c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20V492c0 11.046-8.954 20-20 20H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20v-47.771c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20zM96 0C56.235 0 24 32.235 24 72s32.235 72 72 72 72-32.235 72-72S135.764 0 96 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">What is the prognosis for Congenital Muscular Dystrophies?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#faq4\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-info\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M20 424.229h20V279.771H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20V212c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20h112c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20v212.229h20c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20V492c0 11.046-8.954 20-20 20H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20v-47.771c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20zM96 0C56.235 0 24 32.235 24 72s32.235 72 72 72 72-32.235 72-72S135.764 0 96 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Is there any treatment?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#faq5\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-info\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M20 424.229h20V279.771H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20V212c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20h112c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20v212.229h20c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20V492c0 11.046-8.954 20-20 20H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20v-47.771c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20zM96 0C56.235 0 24 32.235 24 72s32.235 72 72 72 72-32.235 72-72S135.764 0 96 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Clinical trial\uff1f<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#faq6\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-info\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M20 424.229h20V279.771H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20V212c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20h112c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20v212.229h20c11.046 0 20 8.954 20 20V492c0 11.046-8.954 20-20 20H20c-11.046 0-20-8.954-20-20v-47.771c0-11.046 8.954-20 20-20zM96 0C56.235 0 24 32.235 24 72s32.235 72 72 72 72-32.235 72-72S135.764 0 96 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Can congenital muscular dystrophy be prevented at the parent\u2019s next pregnancy? <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f2d90a elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-28718 elementor-global-28581 elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f2d90a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Share to:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f09bfa0 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-grid-6 elementor-grid-mobile-3 elementor-share-buttons--shape-circle elementor-share-buttons--skin-gradient elementor-share-buttons--color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-28732 elementor-global-28571 elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"f09bfa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Share on facebook\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-facebook\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256c0 123.78 90.69 226.38 209.25 245V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.28c-30.8 0-40.41 19.12-40.41 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V501C413.31 482.38 504 379.78 504 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_email\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Share on email\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-envelope\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Share on twitter\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-twitter\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_whatsapp\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Share on whatsapp\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-whatsapp\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M380.9 97.1C339 55.1 283.2 32 223.9 32c-122.4 0-222 99.6-222 222 0 39.1 10.2 77.3 29.6 111L0 480l117.7-30.9c32.4 17.7 68.9 27 106.1 27h.1c122.3 0 224.1-99.6 224.1-222 0-59.3-25.2-115-67.1-157zm-157 341.6c-33.2 0-65.7-8.9-94-25.7l-6.7-4-69.8 18.3L72 359.2l-4.4-7c-18.5-29.4-28.2-63.3-28.2-98.2 0-101.7 82.8-184.5 184.6-184.5 49.3 0 95.6 19.2 130.4 54.1 34.8 34.9 56.2 81.2 56.1 130.5 0 101.8-84.9 184.6-186.6 184.6zm101.2-138.2c-5.5-2.8-32.8-16.2-37.9-18-5.1-1.9-8.8-2.8-12.5 2.8-3.7 5.6-14.3 18-17.6 21.8-3.2 3.7-6.5 4.2-12 1.4-32.6-16.3-54-29.1-75.5-66-5.7-9.8 5.7-9.1 16.3-30.3 1.8-3.7.9-6.9-.5-9.7-1.4-2.8-12.5-30.1-17.1-41.2-4.5-10.8-9.1-9.3-12.5-9.5-3.2-.2-6.9-.2-10.6-.2-3.7 0-9.7 1.4-14.8 6.9-5.1 5.6-19.4 19-19.4 46.3 0 27.3 19.9 53.7 22.6 57.4 2.8 3.7 39.1 59.7 94.8 83.8 35.2 15.2 49 16.5 66.6 13.9 10.7-1.6 32.8-13.4 37.4-26.4 4.6-13 4.6-24.1 3.2-26.4-1.3-2.5-5-3.9-10.5-6.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_telegram\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Share on telegram\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-telegram\" viewBox=\"0 0 496 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M248 8C111 8 0 119 0 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S385 8 248 8zm121.8 169.9l-40.7 191.8c-3 13.6-11.1 16.9-22.4 10.5l-62-45.7-29.9 28.8c-3.3 3.3-6.1 6.1-12.5 6.1l4.4-63.1 114.9-103.8c5-4.4-1.1-6.9-7.7-2.5l-142 89.4-61.2-19.1c-13.3-4.2-13.6-13.3 2.8-19.7l239.1-92.2c11.1-4 20.8 2.7 17.2 19.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_print\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\trole=\"button\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Share on print\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-print\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M448 192V77.25c0-8.49-3.37-16.62-9.37-22.63L393.37 9.37c-6-6-14.14-9.37-22.63-9.37H96C78.33 0 64 14.33 64 32v160c-35.35 0-64 28.65-64 64v112c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h48v96c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h320c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-96h48c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16V256c0-35.35-28.65-64-64-64zm-64 256H128v-96h256v96zm0-224H128V64h192v48c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h48v96zm48 72c-13.25 0-24-10.75-24-24 0-13.26 10.75-24 24-24s24 10.74 24 24c0 13.25-10.75 24-24 24z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3beeae3 elementor-align-left elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-25829 elementor-global-25650 elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"3beeae3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-bell\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224 512c35.32 0 63.97-28.65 63.97-64H160.03c0 35.35 28.65 64 63.97 64zm215.39-149.71c-19.32-20.76-55.47-51.99-55.47-154.29 0-77.7-54.48-139.9-127.94-155.16V32c0-17.67-14.32-32-31.98-32s-31.98 14.33-31.98 32v20.84C118.56 68.1 64.08 130.3 64.08 208c0 102.3-36.15 133.53-55.47 154.29-6 6.45-8.66 14.16-8.61 21.71.11 16.4 12.98 32 32.1 32h383.8c19.12 0 32-15.6 32.1-32 .05-7.55-2.61-15.27-8.61-21.71z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\"><strong style=\"text-decoration:underline\">Learn More<\/strong><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/community-rehabilitation-information\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Community Rehabilitation Information<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/patient-sharing\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Patient Share<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/useful-links\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Useful Links<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/policy-guidelines\/\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M285.476 272.971L91.132 467.314c-9.373 9.373-24.569 9.373-33.941 0l-22.667-22.667c-9.357-9.357-9.375-24.522-.04-33.901L188.505 256 34.484 101.255c-9.335-9.379-9.317-24.544.04-33.901l22.667-22.667c9.373-9.373 24.569-9.373 33.941 0L285.475 239.03c9.373 9.372 9.373 24.568.001 33.941z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Policy Guidelines<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6843468 elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-29553 elementor-global-29524 elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"6843468\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size:0.8rem; color:#555555\">-Ads by Google-<\/p>\r\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9104661762627057\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- square -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9104661762627057\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7714896344\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11d445a elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-29553 elementor-global-29524 elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"11d445a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size:0.8rem; color:#555555\">-Ads by Google-<\/p>\r\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-9104661762627057\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- square -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-9104661762627057\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7714896344\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Congenital Muscular Dystrophy? Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) is a group of rare hereditary muscle diseases caused by underlying genetic mutations resulting in muscle weakness with progressive deterioration. The initial symptoms usually occur within the first few months of life or early childhood. The common presenting symptoms include hypotonia, muscle weakness and joint contractures. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":213,"featured_media":0,"parent":18779,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15273","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Congenital Muscular Dystrophy - The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Congenital Muscular Dystrophy - The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is Congenital Muscular Dystrophy? Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) is a group of rare hereditary muscle diseases caused by underlying genetic mutations resulting in muscle weakness with progressive deterioration. The initial symptoms usually occur within the first few months of life or early childhood. The common presenting symptoms include hypotonia, muscle weakness and joint contractures. [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/1522787841334154\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-24T08:26:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/\",\"name\":\"Congenital Muscular Dystrophy - The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-09-26T13:27:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-03-24T08:26:03+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9801\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Neuromuscular Diseases\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Congenital Muscular Dystrophy\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/\",\"name\":\"The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases\",\"description\":\"Putting Brains in Muscles: Towards an Accessible Web-Based Health Education Platform on Neuromuscular Diseases\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases\",\"alternateName\":\"The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/logo-hksnmd-2-1-1-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/logo-hksnmd-2-1-1-1.jpg\",\"width\":169,\"height\":165,\"caption\":\"The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/1522787841334154\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Congenital Muscular Dystrophy - The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Congenital Muscular Dystrophy - The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases","og_description":"What is Congenital Muscular Dystrophy? Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) is a group of rare hereditary muscle diseases caused by underlying genetic mutations resulting in muscle weakness with progressive deterioration. The initial symptoms usually occur within the first few months of life or early childhood. The common presenting symptoms include hypotonia, muscle weakness and joint contractures. [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/","og_site_name":"The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/1522787841334154\/","article_modified_time":"2023-03-24T08:26:03+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"9 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/","url":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/","name":"Congenital Muscular Dystrophy - The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-09-26T13:27:07+00:00","dateModified":"2023-03-24T08:26:03+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/congenital-muscular-dystrophy\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u9996\u9801","item":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Neuromuscular Diseases","item":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/neuromuscular-diseases\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Congenital Muscular Dystrophy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/","name":"The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases","description":"Putting Brains in Muscles: Towards an Accessible Web-Based Health Education Platform on Neuromuscular Diseases","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/#organization","name":"The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases","alternateName":"The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases","url":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/logo-hksnmd-2-1-1-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/logo-hksnmd-2-1-1-1.jpg","width":169,"height":165,"caption":"The Hong Kong Society of Neuromuscular Diseases"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/1522787841334154\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15273","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/213"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15273"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15273\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29679,"href":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15273\/revisions\/29679"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hksnmd.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15273"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}